COP30: Urgent financing to Transform Agrifood Systems

By René Orellana Halkyer, Assistant Director-General and FAO Regional

Representative for Latin America and the Caribbean

Climate change is no longer a future threat; it is a reality that is reshaping agrifood

systems and compromising global food security. Its impacts are evident in both the

quantity and quality of food, affecting agricultural yields, water availability, pest

emergence, disease spread, and fundamental processes such as pollination. Even

changes in atmospheric CO₂ concentration are altering crop biomass and nutritional

value.

In 2024, climate shocks were the main driver of food crises in 18 countries, affecting

72 million people experiencing high levels of food insecurity. Hurricane Mellisa,

which struck Jamaica, Haiti, and Cuba, is a recent example of the severe effects

these events have on agrifood systems.

Over the past five decades, climate change has reduced global cereal yields by 2%-

5%; in Latin America alone, maize yields have declined by around 5%. Since 1961,

climate change has reduced global agricultural productivity by 21%, which is

equivalent to losing seven years of progress.

These figures make one conclusion clear: it is urgent to rethink and transform

agrifood systems by accelerating mitigation and adaptation measures. But doing so

requires addressing a critical financing gap.

Despite the urgency, in 2023 only 4% of climate-related development financing was

allocated to agriculture, livestock, fisheries, and forestry. This imbalance threatens

the ability of the most vulnerable countries to adapt and transition toward sustainable

production models.

If we truly want agrifood systems that are more sustainable and resilient, climate

financing must prioritize agriculture and the livelihoods of rural communities. Without

sufficient resources, international commitments will remain words on paper rather

than concrete results.

In this context, COP30 is decisive. The promotion of agroforestry projects in the

Amazon, which restore degraded lands and directly benefit local communities, is a

fundamental element for the sustainability of ecosystems related to food and

agriculture.

The presentation of the Tropical Forests Forever Fund (TFFF), led by Brazil with

support from the World Bank, proposes an innovative model to finance global forest

conservation, seeking to mobilize USD 25 billion from countries and USD 100 billion

from private investors. This approach shows that sustainability can also be an

economic opportunity when there are vision and commitment.

The early approval of the COP30 agenda demonstrates political will to advance on

climate financing, energy transition, adaptation, and resilience. The challenge now is

to turn commitments into concrete targets, with clear deadlines and real resources.

History has shown that promises without action do not feed anyone.

At FAO, we are promoting strategies that combine mitigation and adaptation, such

as integrated fire management, whose Call to Action was launched at this COP

under the leadership of Brazil and with the support of 50 countries.

COP30 arrives at a crucial moment to place agriculture, food, and the role of

Indigenous Peoples and rural communities at the center of global discussions.

The future of food, sustainability, and global stability depends on COP30 being more

than a Summit: it must be the beginning of a new era of climate action centered on

agrifood systems.